Due to the convergence of Applied Linguistics (in particular, Clinical Linguistics), Acoustic Engineering and the Neonatology Unit of the University Hospital Puerta del Mar in Cadiz, the aim of this study is to conduct a longitudinal neurocognitive study of acoustic-perceptual skills and linguistic function in preterm infants. This will allow to establish the interrelation between both aspects during the 0 to 4 years’ stage, to identify possible deficiencies and their manifestation in different stages and, consequently, to achieve better diagnostic and treatment protocols for this population. For this purpose, clinical data, especially neuroimaging data, are contrasted with those derived from the evaluation of the influence of noise exposure in incubators on sensorineural hearing loss and auditory maturation by means of electrophysiological and acoustic techniques. As for the results, it is expected that the analysis of the data obtained will shed light on the possible auditory and linguistic deficiencies observed, in addition to the design of appropriate specific audiological and speech therapy tools.